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As for screen reader recommendations, I use Non-Visual Desktop Access (NVDA). This is free to download (you get an optional donate dialogue box, which you can skip without impairing any software functionalities, as far as I know at least) and the only screen reader I have used properly. The most common choices of screen reader for blind people (on windows at least) are NVDA and Job Access With Speech (JAWS) (this latter requires payment, but I believe there is a free trial version). If you wanted to carry out an accessibility test of LI, you could try downloading NVDA and/or JAWS and reproducing this.
We didn't realise that there was a difference in the the comments section when signed in vs as a guest from the homepage (I presume?). Will see whether we can reproduce this!
Is there a specific screenreader software you would recommend to use on Windows, Mac or Linux for reproducing the website usability issues, or are they all fairly similar in capability and any of them would work?
That said, the mods have generally done a great job on this thread, you missed nothing interesting, and thank you to all readers for asking interesting questions and to OP for the amazingly patient and insightful responses.
Thank you also for your feedback on the screenreader UX issues. We'll see if we can reproduce and fix this.
Your batchmates know nothing. theyre throwing around words they dont even know what it means really. This is what every teacher who teaches first year will tell you- the job is doubly hard because you have to correct misconceptions and then teach the right thing. chill. Read history/ social sciences/ politics/ fiction books before university. Theres plenty of time to learn torts.
When Gandhi protested British rule he went to jail for it. People who really believe in their cause are willing, even eager, to suffer consequences for their activism. The kids at columbia arent that. They dont understand or really believe in their own slogans- they just wanted to do social justice coachella and be rebels for a week- and now theyre upset when the adults they were calling murderers wont make concessions for them.
The police was called after protestors were told several times that it was an illegal emcampnet and they must evacuate. The police was called because a university building was taken over illegally by radical actors.
Criminals dont get to ask that the people they robbed should sponsor their bail.
Maybe its not awkward but it seems it would be time consuming for sure.
With editing as well, yes it does help to hear your work read aloud some times, but more often than not I need to see the different paragraphs and how theyre structured when I edit. I move around sentences a lot and it would be annoying to me if I couldnt see and had to rely on screen reader to know whats going on. Perhaps im not taking into account how well people can adapt.
In any case Im glad you find these tasks to be doable and not too cumbersome. Good Luck to you! and thanks for answering stupid questions!
How do you know what direction progress is in? How are you so certain because someone claimed they were "most marginalised" ? Many brahmins will claim theyre the most marginalised caste group in the country- will you believe them also or will you put that claim to the same scrutiny gender ideology is being put to here?
Why should any feminism- let alone radical feminism- include or cater to men? What is wrong with being a terf? Why should women always make room for men even within their own movement? Do you resent labour movements for excluding capitalists?
Before you pronounce that others have a lot to learn- consider that you might not have omniscient knowledge of everything. And consider that people have gone and educated themselves and come to different conclusions than you. A little intellectual humility goes a long way.
No. You do better. Misogyny is all this is.
1) People first language was pioneered by disability rights activists- someone isnt just lame or blind- its a person with ambulatory/ visual disabilities. To be clear- I have no problem with that. You dont even know the history of this rhetoric. The reason trans activists want us to use "pregnant people" "people with cervixes" etc- is because they want us to play along with the delusion that men can give birth or that women can have penises. Thats just not true- the only coherent explanation of the words man and woman is- adult human male, adult human female. Thats it. Everything else is social stereotype and gender expression- go on then- define for me what a man or a woman is without resorting to a circular definition.
The research into pain im talking about is absolutely limited to adult human females- women. men cannot get pregnant- they dont have ovaries or uteruses. the reason that research was not done- was because women's pains and problems were dismissed as whinging and at worse- as hysteria by male dominated medical industry in the past. nothing to do with any trans people- women- adult human females. It wouldnt have changed if the women had butched it up, had double mastectomies and changed their pronouns.
Being an adult human female is not a medical condition. Being an adult human female is about the normal thing for half the people in this world. Without women no body would be alive. to reduce being a woman to "pregnant person" suggests that pregnancy is a malady one is going through which is not the case. Pregnancy is just a part of life. And the problems women face when pregnant dont end at birth. Have you heard of post partum depression? Do you even know what happens to womens bodies and how long it takes to recover post pregnancy?
babies dont at random choose which parent will gestate them- its always the adult human female- the woman. No body in my family or in any family I know has been born from a male- do you know any?
Calling adult human females "pregnant persons" treats them as individuals that do not belong to a collective identity. They absolutely have a collective identity- women. And they deserve that identity to be able to speak about their collective suffering. To not allow them to do so in order to please men is misogynistic.
Not only that- thinking of pregnancy as a transient condition that could afflict anyone at random mischaracterises it. its part of being a woman- its not a singular event- and all women and only women are affected by laws and policies regarding pregnancy. Trans-women cannot get pregnant or have abortion- they are male- they are adult human males- men. Sorry if that hurts feelings- but its not kind to lie to people experiencing distress.
2) We cannot include "non binary" "intersex" and "trans" all along with women because the world isnt divided into men and everyone else- thats an incredibly sexist way of looking at the world. adult human females- women- form most of the planet- they form their own damn category. The best argument for non binary is that a person exists whose soul is not masculine or feminine- congratulations sweetheart none of the rest of us have masculine or feminine souls either- youre just as special as everyone else. Even if I get past the fact that the existence of souls is not proven, why would a soul have a gender that is so culturally specific? do american non binary souls wear skirts and indian non binary souls wear sarees? its all nonsense.
"Non binary" asserts that there are souls and that for a few special people their souls have no culturally specific gender. I would assert that gender roles and stereotypes are nonsense. No one really feels all masculine or all feminine all the time. Everyone is nonbinary in their personality- that doesnt mean youre not a male or a female and it doesnt mean you wont be a boy/man or a girl/ woman depending on age. Its incredibly cruel to think other people lack the rich inner life you think you have.
Same with trans- there is no such thing as being born in the wrong body- you only get one body in this world- who elses body should you have been born in? There is only non conforming behavior- and im all for it. If youre a girl and you want to do traditionally masculine things- go on. You have full support. Become a bus driver, join the army, do sports, be the bread winner. If youre a boy and you want to do traditionally feminine things- dance in the ballet or wear sarees or spend your time playing with dolls- go for it. Id fully support you. But that feeling doesnt make you the opposite sex. That feeling doesnt mean you have to get disastrous operations or get hormones which will shred your body. And that feeling doesnt mean that males can be women. Catering to those feelings over the material concerns of women is the definiton of misogyny.
Which exact trans people and non binary people are included in "pregnant people" ? are they adult human females? then they are women. Thats all there is to it. Im not trying to exclude people. You are. You think women are not women if they like to do manly things or have masculine interests. I see the butchest lesbian in the world and I just think shes a woman. Because in my book being a woman is not a dirty thing.
3) I have said not one thing about traditional parenting roles you numpty. Are you really this thick? This allegation is made in such incredible bad faith I have to say it causes outrage. To say women birth and nurture their babies from their body isnt to say that women should stay home and take care of kids or that men should go to work and be emotionally distant. Youre setting up a false binary- either women are bound to behave one way because of biology- or biology is irrelevant. As with most things in human nature- biology and socialisation are intertwined, and one can figure out if biology needs to determine individual life choices or shackle sex classes to gender roles.
My mother worked most of my life and my dad stayed home to take care of us- that didnt mean she wasnt my mother anymore- she had given birth to me and nourished me from her body. Thats all im saying. You are the one imposing gender roles and telling people " if you dont want to act according to these gender roles- maybe you should try to change sex and claim you have a different sexed soul".
I dont think taking care of ones own children is dreadful miserable unpaid labour. I think theres plenty of joy to be found in taking care of ones own children and plenty of fulfillment. I want to live in a world where women dont have to pay a penalty for having children with employment- but I dont see womanhood as a curse. You do.
What man are you talking about that can get pregnant and doesnt have a penis? is that person female? is she an adult human? how do you explain what a man is if he does not have small gametes that could produce sperm? You have confused sex and gender roles and gender stereotypes so much it has lapsed into incoherence. Only adult human females- women- can get pregnant. I dont care about claims about special gender souls- most religious people think they have special souls that doesnt make their religions literally true.
Do you even know what intersex is? there are essentially 5 different types of conditions- disorders of sexual development- where a baby might be born who doesnt have strictly xx or xy chromosomes. this may be any number of combinations, xxy, xyy, xy but with genital defects, xx with genital defects- whatever. Intersex is as far from trans as paralympians are from those guys who have phantom leg syndrome or famine victims are from bulimics. there is no belief claim with intersex people. theyre not claiming they can be women if they say so, theyre not saying they have special non-binary gender souls. They have medical conditions which- in most cases- people dont even know they have this genetic defect- they carry on just fine. In cases where there is a visual bodily defect- people do get tested and find out that they have a chromosomal abnormality. There is an all too easy way to resolve that- if you have y chromosomes- youre a male. And if you have only x chromosomes- youre female. thats it.Thank you for coming to ted talk. However they want to dress or present themselves is fine- but they should know- if they have y chromosomes theyre not female and they cannot get pregnant. It is disgusting that you want to coopt people with genuine medical conditions into this crazy gender soul movement that wants to hurt women.
Our legal system doesnt need to recognise intersex individuals because 1) most intersex individuals wont know thats what they are- and 2) those that do- still fit into the male female binary. There are no rights that they do not have that other people have. If they are violated without consent by quacks when they are babies- that is assault and medical malpractice. A legal remedy already exists.
You can keep trying to "correct" me. Cause I know the possibility of a woman engaging in "wrongthink" is awful to you and you need to correct them as if theyre too stupid to understand your complicated (read:bullshit) philosophy or religion. But what you cannot do is claim im the insensitive one when you dont want adult human females- women- to have language to speak about their suffering and their rights as a sex class. You think butch lesbians are not women because you define womanhood by adherence to outdated stereotypes. Why do you dislike women or something? Why do you want women to not exist?
Get a life.
Second, I am sorry we didn't get to read your (non-abusive, of course) pun! Laughter is always a nice way to smash barriers, of whatever type. Call me ghoulish if you like, but I actually kind of want to read some of those comments marked "trollish" and placed into the "unpublished" pipeline by mods (out of a morbid sense of curiosity just to see how badly those people would have embarrassed themselves if they had been published) :)). Also, I am glad that you seem to have learned/taken away something useful from this yourself.
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*Chatgpt
2. I do all my academic work by typing on a laptop, just like how the vast majority of students these days would, with the only difference being that I have a piece of software (called a 'screen reader') that reads out everything I type and everything else on the screen to me as well.
Also how do you write your papers like do you write in any different script or do you use laptop for that?
Any information would be extremely helpful.
Have few challenges at my end, otherwise I would love to sell some of my positions and pocket the money.
[post redacted on request of OP]
Chennai generally pays half or one third of what firms pay in BLR, Mumbai or NCR. Lowest payscales in corporate law in India are in Chennai and Kolkata.
I got into CAM, Trilegal, LKS, Khaitan. All of these without any contacts and via proper applications to the HR.
Now people will start downvoting and saying that I’m lying but that’s not true. You can get through (it’s maybe a lucky shot) but that can happen.
Dude, please stay a 100 feet away from his books. He is a right-wing elitist who makes ridiculous rants: supporting privatisation, opposing caste reservation, supporting tax cuts for the rich and corporates, opposing the right of illiterate/poor people to vote and be in Park (when in fact they need voting rights and MP-ships the most). Palkhivala is literally the Harish Salve of the boomer generation and it’s no surprise that Salve is one of his biggest admirers.
If you gain admission to an NLU, you will see that no one takes him seriously and no one cites him in any projects. Please change your coaching centre and your choice of books! If you really want to read something that will help you in law school, read Caste Matters by Suraj Yengde (a simple but excellent book explaining casteism) and various writings by Gautam Bhatia on constitutional law.
Secondly, we've had a bull market for awhile, correction gonna correction
Third, if you have MFs, hodl
Do better guys.
Anveshna Chainwala: NLUD + London Business School
2.Including binary/trans/intersex people in such criteria has nothing to do with female bodies not receiving adequate medical assistance. This assists inclusion and social justice, if anything.
3.You seem distracted while talking about use of pregnant person, you seem to have let your bigotry spread into the territory, unrelated to the discussion - traditional parenting roles, which you seem very desperate to enforce upon "men" and "women". This shows that you actually seem quite dreadful if a woman doesn't fit her traditional role as a mother, working as a unpaid labourer.
A man with a penis won't be able to get pregnant but others without it can. I bet you don't even know the atrocities that such trans/non binary and also intersex people face. Our legal system doesn't even recognise the existence of intersex individuals despite them being 1 out of 100 people. Your insensitivity is disheartening, yet unsurprising.
I can go on, correcting you, trying to make you understand, but you probably won't care.
On Bonus payout - yes this can increase your bonus at innocent staff's expense. so why complain na.
- NUALS (National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi)
- CNLU (Chanakya National Law University, Patna)
- NLUJJA (National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam)
- TNNLS (Tamil Nadu National Law School, Trichy)
- NUSRL (National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi)
- DSNLU (Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University, Visakhapatnam)
QUESTION:
Provide 3 arguments for and 3 against Sanjay Gandhi’ population control policy, where poor and uneducated men with more than two children were forcibly made to undergo a vasectomy. Base your arguments on theories such as utilitarianism and natural rights.
ANSWER FROM CHAT GPT:
Sure, let's break it down:
Arguments For Sanjay Gandhi's Population Control Policy:
1. Utilitarianism: Sanjay Gandhi's policy aimed to reduce the population growth rate, which could have led to a variety of societal benefits such as alleviating poverty, reducing strain on resources, and improving living conditions for future generations. From a utilitarian perspective, sacrificing the rights of a few for the greater good of society could be justified if it leads to the overall happiness and well-being of the majority.
2. Resource Management: Overpopulation can strain essential resources like food, water, and housing, leading to increased competition and conflict. By limiting population growth through coercive measures, Sanjay Gandhi's policy could have helped ensure the equitable distribution of resources and improved the quality of life for all citizens, including the poor and uneducated.
3. Public Health: High population growth rates can exacerbate public health issues, such as overcrowded hospitals, inadequate access to healthcare, and the spread of diseases. By reducing the number of births through vasectomies for certain segments of the population, the policy could have contributed to better healthcare outcomes and improved overall public health conditions.
Arguments Against Sanjay Gandhi's Population Control Policy:
1. Violation of Natural Rights: Coercing individuals, especially poor and uneducated men, into undergoing vasectomies infringes upon their fundamental human rights, including the right to reproductive autonomy and bodily integrity. From a natural rights perspective, individuals have the inherent right to make decisions about their own bodies and reproductive choices without government interference.
2. Eugenics Concerns: Sanjay Gandhi's policy could be criticized for its potential to disproportionately target certain socioeconomic or demographic groups, raising concerns of eugenics or social engineering. By forcibly sterilizing poor and uneducated men, the policy could perpetuate inequalities and discrimination based on class, education, or other factors, rather than addressing the root causes of overpopulation.
3. Ethical Considerations: The use of coercive measures such as forced vasectomies raises ethical questions about the means used to achieve a desired end. Even if the policy aimed to address pressing societal issues, the ends do not justify the means if they involve violating individuals' rights or resorting to unethical practices. Instead, alternative approaches that respect human dignity and promote voluntary family planning could be pursued to address population growth more effectively.
Rahul don't know which was first IIT or how many there in the country in which cities?
Readers here should not behave like Rahul.
I can't let go of this opportunity in the current job market and I need this job badly due to financial issues back home.
However, I've always imagined myself working on deals and transactions.
So, I wanted to know if it's possible for me to switch practice areas from disputes to M&A or Projects and Infrastructure or any other team.
After this will GNLU continue with the current director? What's the point of having an EC with state govt, UGC/BCI, HC and SC worthies when institutional rot is allowed to entrench?
Kindly remember how the first review commission report upset the apple cart? While things were "ironed out" its has been eons since another review took place (many NLUs never underwent the statutory reviews). Then again, does review commission reports really solve anything?
How much do I get, if at all I get?
I got a decent rank in AILET this year and would be joining NLUD. I just wanted to ask that should it be worrisome for me at this stage if I’m not able to comprehend words, sentences too often while giving my shot on the book on law of torts by rk bangia?
Will I be able to catchup with my batchmates who seem to have a comprehensive vocabulary and knowledge of the complex legal jargon that is used everywhere?
I see - 3 downvotes on this main post. Are people afraid to see that discrimination and bullying actually exists? Also, if you haven't availed reservation refrain from commenting it doesn't exist, because, get this, its not your place or right to say so.
Now apart from what I have said.
a. A priestly caste classmate of mine has said casteist things to my SC classmate. Some abhorrent stuff, which he to this day refuses to speak about.
b. This UC classmate of mine has thrown shade on other savarnas who are Lower than him on the totem pole, so you can imagine. Man's a snake and a social climber.
c. People will exclude you from social plans for no obvious reasons suddenly.(I know it happens to normal people as well. But we're talking caste and reservations here and it being the obvious case)
Now during the course of our studies many of these so called Meritorious students who got in on merit. Who were especially proud of their genes, always had a family connection to get a top notch internship in firms and regulatory bodies. Whereas i had to walk to my dream firm, because I had exactly 15 rupees in my pocket, in biting old shoes to apply for internship (thank heavens they rejected me) and ended up with a swollen big toe and pinky toe. They got these internships on their merit or connections? Is that merit?
Many of these same people ended up with mediocre jobs (even LPOs) and lives per LI standards. But it doesn't matter, coz they have intergenerational wealth. I mean they can go expensive and elaborate trips and have insane houses when earning less than half of what I earn, collectively with their spouses!
Another very proud fellow, used his connections in his community to secure a nice plush job in his initial years and is now a partner in an average firm.
I now know that the condition in my alma mater has changed for the better amongst students (not all students). I'm proud of the kids there today.
No direct discrimination as such in NLUJ although outside the campus some people will ask your caste before your name.
At the time I had joined the so called NLU, i was ashamed that I had joined through reservation.
At the time, because of the then prevailing sentiments of the time (the then government had implemented / was to implement the 27% reservation for OBCs) anti reservation sentiment was in fervour. Savarna wokes were crying hoarse against reservation with a lot of vigour.
At the time, there was no one to tell us that reservation wasn't a handout. Nor did we have the language to articulate our situation.
I mean the criminal law professor in class during the discussion in first year on reservation believed / misrepresented to the students that reservations are for economic upliftment (lol. That show's his merit). So you can imagine our position, fresh into law school, no language or position to argue.
Now to the juicy bits.
To add context, in my alma mater at the time, majority of the professors and administrators were Savarnas. And especially belonging to one particular powerful caste of that state, who think they are of the "warrior" caste.
I grew up in a metro city, my English was and is impeccable, even more than some students from metro cities of India because of difficult financial situation at home pre law school. Infact I could give a SoBo boy a run for his money in terms of eloquence and polish. My name also sounds like a super higher caste name, because of lack of surname. Even today people from my workplaces think I'm from the priestly caste. Lol.
Ok enough context.
1. In private discussions, I have had people rant infront of me that caste reservations shouldn't be allowed. And even if they are, then people like this (pointing to me) should only be allowed. I had this wave of shame pass from my head to toe. I didnt know what to say, but to stare apologetically at the group.
In hindsight, they wanted someone who shares their high class aesthetic and polish, listens to western music be allowed.
2. I have heard conversations through other people where I know classmates have said people like me don't deserve to be in college and should be kicked out. These were people who were very friendly with me on the face, but said this behind my back.
3. In terms of romance, I can never confirm this, but I'm certain a romantic interest of mine was convinced against dating me partly due to caste. I say partly because there were other minor reasons by the persons who did badger her not to, and they may not have mentioned this overtly to her. I can never know, i could be wrong, just my hunch.
4. A professor in my college was in private with Savarna students of his caste very pally and would tell them how to behave according to caste.
5. I am pretty sure paper grading was biased according to caste, may not have been always. But sure was sometimes.
6. An SC professor in my college was definitely ostracized by other faculty. About him, he was very bad at teaching initially. He was also very bad diction and speaking. But I swear he improved by leaps and bounds and could explain concepts and theories so well. But was never given due credit. Whereas, professors who were stagnant and outdated and had mediocre teaching skills were celebrated just because of their savarna aesthetics.
7. I have had people innocently declare that (a) they want a nice Rajput (insert savarna caste) boy /girl for marriage, (b) they are of high birth, and have best genes in India, (c) they are the highest amongst the priestly class. As if we're scum, one or two of these genes fellows even had genetically deformed limbs.. The irony was not lost on me then, but I didn't want to hurt their feelings.
I know for you savarnas this is par for the course, and my statements may seem glaring. I don't think you guys understand the position of power you are in, and what goes through our minds. You guys are absolutely cut off from the plebians. You may be poor, but you're a poor rich person. We are the poor.
Also, why I am i seeing comments from people who haven't availed reservation here claiming there's no discrimination? You guys sit and don't take space here, its not your comment section here.
A very good podcast on this condition that i went through exists. Its by Anurag Minus Verma and the guest was Buffalo Intellectual.
Btw. You guys should attend Buffalo Intellectual's stand up (semi-comedy) show for a whole lot of context and reality check.
Again savarnas. Dont speak here please. Dont you claim there's no discrimination. You create a separate thread for it. Mods please look into it.
2. Heinonline, JStor and Manu are accessible. SCC Online is bad, but is gradually improving. I am not sure if LI reported on this at the time, but India’s first blind Rhodes Scholar got into quite a verbal spat with them on Twitter a number of years ago because they effectively said that demands by the blind to make the database were unreasonable, we should be thankful for what we have and go home. As he pointed out in an interview with Jurist, the incremental improvements that have been made to SCC Online have been the result, not of reformed attitudes on accessibility on part of those who run the database, but because of other website improvements they have been making (I won’t jump any further on this hobby horse).
3. I have found this to be the case as well for research projects. I, too, write and rewrite. In fact, in a way, I find it easier! A piece of advice I often hear is that, to understand the flaws in one’s writing, one should try reading it aloud. My screen reader is reading it back to me, so I am constantly listening to what I am writing, in real time! As for footnotes, my screen reader indicates that I have inserted a footnote and where it is, and I can put in whatever information I need to in there. At the end of every page, I can read and navigate through the footnotes, just as a sighted person would do. Obviously, it’s more time consuming, but hardly “awkward”. I have to keep in mind all the stylistic conventions surrounding fonts and so on and apply them (using keyboard shortcuts in Word) as best I can. There are functionalities in my screen reader that can be turned on and off to report things like font colour, attributes, size and so on, and other features like alignment, which I turn on to check my application of formatting requirements. While obviously it is reading the text and announcing these formatting features at the same time, I can’t just go over something once, but have to do so multiple times. But how different is that from what you as a sighted person would do? Wouldn’t you proofread your projects multiple times prior to submission?