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on April 14, 2023, India will officially overtake China and become the world’s most populous country.

.... China occupies approximately 9.6 million square kilometers (3.7 million square miles), compared to India’s 3.3 million square kilometers, which makes India’s population density nearly three times higher than China’s. Yet, unlike China, India struggles to feed, educate and care for its 1.4 billion people, despite its impressive growth rate over the last three decades.

https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2022/12/28/commentary/world-commentary/indian-demographics/
Because every country needs its young population. China had to discontinue with the same policy. India has sufficient resources to take care of its population, even if they remain concentrated in the hands of a few people.
Maybe a ban might not work, but tax or other incentives for keeping families at 2 or fewer kids might be a helpful policy. India has the potential benefit of a huge young labour force, but without significant expansion of secondary and higher education and job creation and urban planning, this creates a ticking timebomb of unemployed, unemployable and homeless youths in cities.
Please read case studies on how any form of sanctions/ taxation and other policies have only added to the problems. Reports of children being abandoned on streets were common in nations which implemented the restrictive policies. The distortion of demographics has not served well to countries that have attempted to do so.

The only way forward is to educate and creating access to primary resources for families to take informed choices.
The timebomb is there only when education, job, urban planning are not expanded, as you said. Do that. No need to get all hitler.

Also, contraceptives are a strong hush-hush in our society. More so with the prevailing environment, how do you tell people to use condoms, when it is a taboo to even talk about sex?

Ultimately it's going to adversely affect the poor only.

No need to curb people's liberties for what is purely and simply a failure of the state. The state exists solely to provide education, health, etc. It should stick to that. Not attempt to regulate what people are doing because it is failing to fulfil its mandate.
Please read Govt of India's population policy. You will find the Govt's response to your query.